The microscopic origin of the extreme glass-forming ability of Albite and B2O3

Abstract

Understanding the conditions that favour crystallisation and vitrification has been a longstanding scientific endeavour. Here we demonstrate that the extremely high glass-forming ability of unseeded supercooled Na2O·Al2O3 ·6SiO2 (Albite) and B2O3 - known for decades as "crystallisation anomaly" - is caused by insufficient crystal nucleation. The predicted temperatures of the maximum homogeneous nucleation rates are located well below their glass transition temperatures (Tg), in a region of very high viscosity, which leads to extremely long nucleation time-lags and low nucleation rates. This behaviour is due to the remarkably small supercoolings where the glass transition occurs for these liquids, which correspond to a very small driving force for crystallisation at and above the Tg, where crystallisation is normally observed. This meagre nucleation ability is caused by the significant difference in the structures of the supercooled liquids and their isochemical crystals. These findings elucidate the cause behind the crystallisation anomaly, and could be used for the design of other oxide glasses that are extremely stable against crystallisation.