Tetrakis{[(p-dodecacarboranyl)methyl]stilbenyl}ethylene: A Luminescent Tetraphenylethylene (TPE) Core System

Abstract

The synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of the first set of tetrakis{[(p-dodecacarboranyl)methyl]stilbenyl}ethylenes (TDSE), substituted either with a methyl or a phenyl group in the 2-position (Ccluster) of the ortho-carborane, are described. The complex absorption properties are elucidated by TD-DFT calculations, stressing the importance of through-bond conjugation. Enhanced conjugation and restriction of the conformational space are identified as the main factors for boosted luminescence properties in solution, compared with the tetraphenylethylene (TPE) core, effectively reducing internal conversion (IC). IC is further reduced when aggregate suspensions of our compounds are formed in water, providing highly luminescent materials of quasi-isolated (very weakly interacting) emitters.