Urban water conundrums in Zimbabwe – the role of water policy and its implementation gaps

Abstract

Zimbabwe’s urban areas are experiencing a dearth of water services, which is epitomized by acute water shortages and high morbidity due to waterborne diseases. The possible contribution of failures of water policy implementation to this state of affairs is explored. This review identifies and assesses 122 studies in Zimbabwe and in other countries that have analyzed water policies, in order to understand the factors which create gaps in policy implementation. It was found that these implementation gaps are mainly a result of capacity limitations in institutions, finances, and social and technical/human resources. There is currently very limited literature available that analyses water policy in Zimbabwe. In order to overcome the water conundrums in Zimbabwe’s urban areas it is recommended that a literature review combined with an empirical study of both qualitative and quantitative gaps between the Zimbabwe National Water Policy and its implementation be undertaken. In particular, the review and study should focus on capacity limitations in institutions, finances, and social and technical/ human resources in Zimbabwe.