Perbedaan Kadar Zinc Rambut pada Anak Stunting dan Non Stunting Usia 12-24 Bulan di Kelurahan Tambak Wedi Kenjeran, Surabaya

Abstract

Background: Stunted is still a health problem in Indonesia. The prevalence of stunted in Surabaya has continued to increase for 3 years, while the prevalence of stunted in Tambak Wedi Kenjeran in 2017 shows high percentage (43.8%). Stunted are associated with zinc levels of the body due to zinc as a role in synthesis of growth hormone. Measurement of zinc levels can be done through the hair in describing chronic stunted incident. Measurement of zinc levels through the hair is easier to implement than other measurements of zinc levels, such as blood serum.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference of hair zinc level in children of stunted and non stunted age 12-24 months in Tambak Wedi village, Kenjeran district, Surabaya. Methods: This research was an observational analytic with cross sectional design. The population of this study were all children aged 12-24 months in Tambak Wedi Kenjeran, Surabaya in the amount of 267 children. The samples of this study were 36 children that divided into 18 children stunted and 18 children non-stunted, taken by simple random sampling. Data were collected by measuring height, questionnaire interview, food recall 2x24 hour, and hair zinc level measurement using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney Test to find the difference in two variables with data not distributed normally. Results: The results of this study showed no differences of hair zinc levels in stunted and non stunted children (p = 0.517). Conclusion: Hair zinc levels in stunted and non stunted children aged 12-24 months in Tambak Wedi Kenjeran, Surabaya showed no differences. Required continue research by measuring the body's zinc levels simultaneously through blood serum and hair to get more accurate results. ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Permasalahan stunting masih menjadi permasalahan kesehatan di Indonesia. Prevalensi stunting di Surabaya terus mengalami peningkatan selama 3 tahun, sedangkan di Kelurahan Tambak Wedi Kenjeran prevalensi stunting pada tahun 2017 masih sangat tinggi (43,8%). Kejadian stunting berkaitan dengan kadar zinc tubuh dikarenakan zinc berperan dalam sintesis hormon pertumbuhan. Pengukuran kadar zinc dapat dilakukan melalui rambut dalam menggambarkan kejadian stunting secara kronis. Pengukuran kadar zinc melalui rambut lebih mudah dilaksanakan dibandingkan pengukuran kadar zinc lainnya karena pengukuran kadar zinc rambut lebih sensitif dan stabil.Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan kadar zinc rambut pada balita stunting dan non stunting usia 12-24 bulan di Kelurahan Tambak Wedi Kecamatan Kenjeran Surabaya.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh balita berusia 12-24 bulan di Kelurahan Tambak Wedi Kenjeran, Surabaya dengan jumlah 267 balita. Sampel penelitian ini sebesar 36 orang dengan 18 orang mengalami stunting dan 18 orang tidak stunting, diambil secara acak menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Penentuan sampel menggunakan uji hipotesis dua proporsi. Pengumpulan data meliputi pengukuran tinggi badan, wawancara kuesioner, food recall 2x24 jam, dan pengambilan sampel rambut untuk pengukuran kadar zinc rambut dengan alat Spektofotometer Serapan Atom (SSA). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney untuk mengetahui perbedaan pada dua variabel dengan data tidak berdistribusi normal.Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar zinc rambut pada balita stunting dan non stunting (p=0,517).Kesimpulan: Kadar zinc rambut pada anak stunting dan non stunting dengan usia 12-24 bulan di Kelurahan Tambak Wedi Kenjeran, Surabaya tidak berbeda. Diperlukan penelitian lanjutan dengan mengukur kadar zinc tubuh secara bersamaan melalui serum darah dan rambut untuk mendapatkan hasil lebih akurat.