Ultrafast sub-nanometer matter-wave temporal Talbot effect

Abstract

The coherent manipulation of the electron wavefunction at the atomic spatial and temporal scales is the fundamental breakthrough underlying far-reaching ultrafast phenomena as high-order harmonic radiation and attosecond pulse generation. In this work, we present a next step in the coherent control of matter waves by translating the concept of Talbot interferometry to the subnanomenter-femtosecond realm. We study the high-harmonic emission from a periodic system irradiated by an intense mid-infrared laser beam at grazing incidence. Our calculations show that Bloch electrons, once ionized, follow a sequence of ultrafast (femtosecond) revivals associated with the temporal Talbot effect. We demonstrate that these revivals leave a distinct signature in the high-frequency harmonic spectrum, in the form of structures extending beyond the main spectral cutoff, toward the x-rays. The reinterpretation of the process of high-order harmonic generation as the temporal realization of a Talbot-Lau interferometer suggests high-harmonic spectroscopy as an appropriate scheme to develop subnanometer ultrafast Talbot interferometry.