Exploration of phytochemical and pharmacological potentials of canarium resiniferum bruce ex king, an endangered medicinal plant of bangladesh

Abstract

Canarium resiniferum Bruce ex King is an endangered medicinal plant of Bangladesh that has a lot of beneficial uses in folk medicine. The study investigated the phytochemical composition and the level of thrombolytic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic and hypoglycemic activities of hexane, chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions of the methanol extract of C. resiniferum leaves. Phytochemical analysis was performed by standard methods. In the thrombolytic assay, the chloroform fraction (500 µg/100 µL) of C. resiniferum exhibited significant (p<0.01) thrombolytic activity by human blood clot lysis of 57.32% as compared to the standard streptokinase (80.1%). The chloroform soluble fraction also showed the maximum anti-inflammatory potential in both egg albumin denaturation assay and human RBC membrane stabilizing assay. Yeast-induced pyrexia was utilized to evaluate the antipyretic effect of different fractions of C. resiniferum at a dose of 500 mg/kg. The temperature reducing capacity of the test samples was prominent which persisted up to 3 h of administration of test samples in mice. In tail immersion method, the hexane fraction significantly (p<0.05) increased the pain threshold with 228.57% elongation at 90 min while the chloroform fraction showed maximum 29.82% inhibition of formalin-induced licking and biting responses in mice. In the oral glucose tolerance test, the extracts (500 mg/kg) also exhibited significant blood glucose lowering effect in mice compared to the control group. The findings in the study support the rationale uses of C. resiniferum as folk medicine in Bangladesh.