First fossil record of Varanus (Reptilia, Squamata) from Switzerland and the earliest occurrences of the genus in Europe

Abstract

We here describe two isolated fossil teeth from the Early Miocene (MN 4) of Hüenerbach, Switzerland. The material is tentatively referred to Varanus, marking the first occurrence of this iconic lizard genus in the Swiss fossil record, while it also represents one of its earliest occurrences from Europe, being coeval with other records from Spain, France, and the Czech Republic. Important diagnostic features in the teeth of extant Varanus are discussed, coupled with comparisons with related taxa. The prominent serration in one of the two Swiss teeth is an unusual feature for European varanids. In addition, the sole other lizard specimen from Hüenerbach is also described, being referred to an indeterminate lacertid, with potential affinities to the genus Janosikia.