Lojistiğin Tarihsel Gelişimi: Askeri Gereksinimden İşletme Lojistiğine ve Tedarik Zinciri Yönetimine Evrilme Süreci

Abstract

In a globalizing world, the movement of goods, services and information can only be explained by the concept of logistics. Although the concept has continued since the existence of humanity, it has been scientifically examined in the last century. The concept of logistics has emerged mainly because of military requirements. Depending on the development of economic and trade, technological inventions and the progresses at the business level, military logistics has shifted to a business logistics and started to develop rapidly after 1950s. In the 1980s and 1990s, the concept of logistics, which differentiated into" Logistics Management (LM)" and "Supply Chain Management (SCM)", became a multi-dimensional concept that included purchasing, production, storage, inventory management, transportation and customer relations. From this point, the historical development of logistics will be examined. In this perspective, firstly, the process for emergence of logistics and the meaning of the word will be discussed. Then, the military logistics development leading to the emergence of logistics as a discipline will be examined. In this context, historical facts and technological developments that contribute to the development of logistics strategy will be analyzed under a separate heading. Then, the transition process from military logistics to business logistics will be analyzed and the differentiation of business logistics in the form of logistics management and supply chain management and Logistics 4.0 understanding will be discussed. Finally, the concept and phenomenon of logistics strategy will be scrutinized in the context of historical process and logistics and supply chain.