Risk factors and coronary artery diseases in young adults above and below 40 years: An observational study

Abstract

Background: Coronary artery disease and its complications are increased in young adults in developing countries. In this study we aimed to identify the risk factors and coronary angiographic profile of young adults with coronary artery disease. Objectives: To find out the risk factors for coronary heart disease in young adults in below and above 40 years and compare the pattern of the disease. Method: This is an observational descriptive study was conducted in Angiography Laboratory, in Krishna institute of Medical Sciences deemed to be University and Krishna Hospital, Karad. (Maharashtra) from April 2018 to July 2019. A total of about 324 patients from Angiography Laboratory of Krishna Hospital, Cardiology department were included in this study. During the procedure of coronary angiogram type of dye (OMNIPCK-50ml) that is visible by an x-ray machine (GE.INNOVA), is injected into peripheral vessels. Time taken for this procedure is 30-60 minutes.33 patients (25[75.7%] male & 8[24.2%] female) were in≤40 years & 291 patients (185[63.57%] male & 106[36.42%] female) were above 40 years of age studied. Demographic data of patients and Angiographic reports were recorded. Result: Coronary artery disease (CAD) was present in 10 patients of aged below 40 years and in 194(66.66%) patients of age more than 40 years which comes around 66.66%. Frequency of normal, Single Vessel disease, Double Vessel Disease & Triple Vessel Disease in above 40 yr age group was 23(69.70%), 7(21.21%), 2(6.06%), and 1 (3.03%) respectively. Frequency of normal, SVD, DVD & TVD in >40 years was 97 (33.33%), 63(21.65%), 58 (19.93%), and 73 (25.08%) respectively. Overall 98 (27.77%) patients were Diabetes, Hypertension was present in160 (49.38%), 114(35.18%)was Smoker, Obesity were 99(30.55%) and Family history was present in114 (35.18%) patient, 58.76%was Tobacco user patients in>40years. Frequency of Diabetes, Hypertension, Smoker, Obesity, Family history, Tobacco users in ≤40 years was 12.12%, 36.36%, 5.9%.72.72%, 39.39%, 48.48% respectively.