Rarefaction and external force effects on gas microflow in a lid-driven cavity

Abstract

In this paper, the regularized 13-moment approach (R13) is used to investigate the rarefaction effect on rarefied gas flow within a lid-driven cavity. We will discuss the validity domain of the Navier-Stokes and Fourier (NSF) solutions using the first order of velocity slip and temperature jump boundary conditions (NSF) and the regularized 10-moments (R10) in slip and early transition regime. The effect of an external body force is examined in different directions according to the cavity inclination angle. A Maxwell monatomic gas is considered to study the flow and thermal characteristics within the lid-driven cavity. The NSF method correctly describes the velocity profiles, but it captures only the trend of other macroscopic parameters. The NSF heat flux, which is found to be from the hot regions to the cold ones, loses its validity in the slip regime and beyond to predict an inverted heat flux predicted by both regularized models. Contrary to the R10, which can capture the rarefaction effect in the whole slip regime. The dimensionless shear stress tends to grow by increasing the rarefaction along the moving wall. The external body force affects the shear stress and velocity streamlines symmetry and creates an additional vortex, depending on the inclination angle.