Mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair in the elderly—A safe and effective therapy

Abstract

Aims: Prevalence of mitral regurgitation (MR) and comorbidity burden rise with age. Mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (M-TEER) is increasingly performed in elderly patients, but only limited data are available for this specific subgroup. In this study, outcomes of octogenarians and nonagenarians undergoing M-TEER were analysed using a large real-world dataset. Methods: This retrospective study included consecutive patients undergoing M-TEER at the Ulm University Heart Center between January 2010 and December 2021. The cohort was divided into an elderly group and a younger group based on the cohorts' median age. Group differences regarding 1 and 3 year mortality and heart failure hospitalization rates were assessed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard models. Results: A total of 1118 patients [median age 79 (inter-quartile range 74–83) years; 42% female] were included and divided into 513 elderly (≥80 years) and 605 younger (<80 years) patients. Primary MR was more frequent in the elderly group (56% vs. 27%, P < 0.001). Pre-procedural and post-procedural MR grades were comparable between groups (pre-procedural MR grade 4: 69% in the elderly group vs. 71% in the younger group, P = 0.67; post-procedural MR grade 1: 60% in the elderly group vs. 58% in the younger group, P = 0.77) as well as in-hospital mortality rates (0.2% vs. 0.3%, P = 0.66). Three-year heart failure hospitalization rates did not differ significantly between both groups (30.7% in the older age cohort vs. 36.0% in the younger cohort, P = 0.191). While 1 year all-cause mortality rates were comparable (18% vs. 16.4%, P = 0.577), 3 year all-cause mortality was significantly higher in the elderly [43.1% vs. 33.0%; hazard ratio (HR) 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.02–1.65), P = 0.035]. Pre-procedural N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) ≥3402 pg/mL [HR 2.29 (95% CI 1.34–3.90), P = 0.002], pre-interventional MR grade [HR 1.79 (95% CI 1.01–3.17), P = 0.045] and European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) II [HR 1.06 (95% CI 1.03–1.08), P < 0.001] were identified as independent predictors of 3 year mortality in the elderly. Conclusions: M-TEER displays a safe and effective treatment option for elderly patients with symptomatic MR, offering symptom relief and comparable 1 year outcomes to younger patients. Elderly patients with elevated EuroSCORE II and advanced heart failure might benefit from additional care to further reduce 3 year mortality.