CD204-Expressing Tumor-Associated Macrophages Are Associated With Malignant, High-Grade, and Hormone Receptor–Negative Canine Mammary Gland Tumors

Abstract

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are an important component of leukocyte infiltration in tumors. TAMs can be classified into M1 and M2 phenotypes. In the present study, the expression of CD204, an M2-polarized macrophage receptor, was investigated by immunohistochemistry in the area surrounding TAMs in 101 cases of canine mammary gland tumor (CMT). We examined the relationship between M2-polarized TAMs and malignancy, histological subtype, histological grade, molecular subtype, hormone receptor (HR) status, and clinical obesity indices. The mean number of CD204-positive macrophages was significantly higher in malignant CMTs than in benign CMTs (P =.000). The number of CD204-positive macrophages differed significantly between histological grades (P =.000) and were significantly higher in grade III than in grades I and II. Moreover, the mean number of CD204-positive macrophages was significantly higher in HR-negative malignant CMTs than in HR-positive malignant CMTs (P =.035) and in malignant CMTs with lymphatic invasion compared to malignant CMTs without lymphatic invasion (P =.000). These findings suggest that CD204-positive macrophages might affect the development and behavior of CMTs and highlight the potential of CD204 as a prognostic factor.