Analysis of Agro-Environmental and Geo-Climatic Factors Influencing Buruli Ulcer in the Kimpese Health Zone in Kongo Central, Democratic Republic of Congo

Abstract

Background: Infectious diseases are the most common causes of death and disability in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Among the wide variety of these infectious diseases, Buruli ulcer (BU), commonly known as MBASU, is one of the most aggressive. According to community beliefs, this disease is associated with mysticism and is treated traditionally. Aims and Methods: The overall objective of this study was to conduct a geo-environmental and geo-climatic analysis of the factors influencing the spread of BU in the Kimpese health zone. To achieve this, a field visit allowed us to collect certain data, including the type of activity of patients, the type of crops grown, the month of onset of the disease, and environmental factors. Thus, through geographic analysis, we were able to situate the disease in its environment. Results: Of a total of 35 people infected with Mycobacterium ulcerans, 51.4% were female and 48.6% were male. Overall, 45.7% of the patients were under 15 years of age. Agriculture is the activity engaged in by 34% of the infected people and constitutes a risk factor for the population. Overall, 82.9% of the people surveyed cultivate rice; 88.6% cultivate bananas; and 65.7% cultivate cassava. The number of cases was found to be higher during months of low rainfall. The lowest temperatures were observed in the most affected health areas. Conclusion: This study shows a correlation between agricultural activities and BU affecting populations who grow food crops near water sources; the same is true for the geo-climatic factors taken into account.