The Valsalva Maneuver Is Not as Effective as Lidocaine for the Attenuation of Pain on Injection of Propofol: A Randomized Controlled Study

Abstract

Background and objective Lidocaine pretreatment is considered the gold standard for attenuating pain on injection of propofol. Valsalva maneuver (VM) causes baroreceptor reflex arc‐induced antinociception by increasing the intrathoracic pressure. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of VM in alleviating the pain on injection of propofol in this randomized comparative study. Methods A total of 90 patients were recruited for this randomized study. They were classified into two groups. Patients in group D received 5‐mL 4% lidocaine in saline intravenously while the venous drainage was occluded. Then they were asked to press a rubber ball as hard as they could. Patients in group V received 5‐ml saline pretreatment. They were then asked to perform VM by blowing into rubber tubing connected to a manometer and raising and holding the pressure up to 40 mmHg. The verbal response and behavioral signs were recorded with a score corresponding to no, mild, moderate, or severe pain. A t‐test was performed to compare the mean of variables between the two groups. The Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test was used for testing the equality of the distribution function of pain scores between the groups. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to test the heart rate and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at different points of observation. Results The incidence of pain and pain scores were significantly higher among the patients in the VM group as compared to those in the lidocaine with distraction group. Conclusions VM performed immediately before the injection failed to attenuate the pain produced by propofol as compared to lidocaine pretreatment along with distraction.