Development of an efficient regeneration system via somatic embryogenesis obtained from mature embryos in some grain and silage sorghum cultivars

Abstract

An effective regeneration system was developed from embryonic callus that was formed by using mature embryos in 6 sorghum cultivars (Gözde 80, Greengo, Leoti, Beydarı, Aldarı and Akdarı). Different auxin (2,4-D and 2,4,5-T) and cytokinin (zeatin and kinetin) combinations on somatic embryogenesis were studied. The highest embryonic callus in all cultivars was derived from cultures in MS medium containing 1 mg/l 2,4-D. The transfer of embryonic callus obtained from medium containing 2,4,5-T + kinetin to the shooting medium (1 or 2 mg/l BA +1.5 mg/l TDZ +1 mg/l IAA) and subsequently rooting medium (½ MS with 1 mg/l NAA) resulted in a higher shooting and rooting. Different concentrations of BA in the shooting medium did not affect shoot formation. Akdarı and Greengo cultivars produced better callus induction and regeneration than the other cultivars as grain and silage types, respectively. Rooting and surviving rates varied between 10.55-68.37% depending on the growth regulators used at the beginning of culture. Growth and survival rates were increased in plants transferred from high-shoot-rate cultivars to the rooting medium.