Inclined Negatively Buoyant Discharges

Abstract

Analytical solutions are developed to predict the behavior of inclined negatively buoyant discharges and these solutions are compared with data from previous studies and from experiments described here, where light attenuation and laser-induced fluorescence techniques are employed to study these flows. Comparisons show that the analytical solutions provide reasonable predictions of the flow’s path for initial discharge angles ranging from 0 to 75° and initial Froude numbers ranging from 14 to 99. The solutions also predict the maximum height of the outer edge of the jet with reasonable accuracy, and thus the outer spread of the jet is well predicted. However, the inner spread is underestimated and minimum dilution predictions are shown to be conservative by approximately 18% at the centerline maximum height and 34% at the return or impact point. Predictions from the CorJet and VisJet numerical models are also shown to be conservative.