Ce-doped NMC 811 synthesis as cathode material

Abstract

One of the promising solutions for broadening the energy access to the rural area is portable energy storage. Government created an initiative so called Talis (tabung listrik). It is a portable energy storage that stores the electricity from renewable energy microgrid for rural area. Yet the minimum weight of Talis is almost 5 kg and not too suitable for high-mobility. Lithium ion battery with the cathode materials LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC 811) becomes a promising solution for tackling those heaviness issue. In addition, it also has a high energy density, but limited capacity degradation at higher rate and longer cycles. The performance improvement is needed to overcome such problem. Doping becomes a well-known method for modifying the crystal structure and increasing the cell performance. The cathode material can potentially be doped by rare earth elements (REE). Cerium is the most favorable material among REE due to its widely used for catalyst and addition in various fields. In fact, Indonesia has an abundance REE resource. In this research, NMC 811 has been doped by cerium (IV) sulfate (Ce (SO4)2) using a co-precipitation method followed by calcination for 5 hours. There are three variations of Ce-dopped; no dopped or pristine (Ce-0), 0.01 mol composition (Ce-0.01), and 0.005 mol composition (Ce-0.005). For understanding the crystal structure, the product was analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The result shows doping intervention did not alter the layered oxide structure of NMC 811, but only increasing the crystallite size, which is linear with the doping composition.