Intradural extramedullary cavernous malformation with extensive superficial siderosis of the neuraxis: Case report and review of literature

Abstract

Background: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), also known as Forestier's disease, is a rheumatologic condition characterized by ossification of the spinal ligaments and tendons. Large anterior osteophytes are typically present in the lower cervical levels, while upper cervical ossification resulting in dysphagia is very rare. Methods: Here, we presented a patient with Forestier's disease involving massive ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament extending from C3 to C4 downward contributing to severe dysphagia. Results: A 65‑year‑old male presented with cervical pain and dysphagia. The computed tomography of the cervical spine demonstrated massive anterior longitudinal ligament ossification (DISH) extending from C3 to C7. There was an additional large osteophyte at the C3‑C4 level, and also a high‑grade intracanalicular C6‑C7 cervical stenosis due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. The patient was offered surgical intervention (e.g., resection of the C3‑C7 anterior DISH and anterior cervical discectomy/fusion at the C6‑C7 level), but he declined. Conclusions: When conservative management fails to resolve severe dysphagia for cervical DISH/Forestier's disease, anterior surgical resection is typically performed. In this case, the patient refused surgery and opted for conservative management strategies.