Caracterización de la mortalidad por malaria en el Valle del Cauca, 2005-2006

Abstract

Introducción: El Valle del Cauca es uno de los departamentos que mayor número de muertes por paludismo reporta en Colombia. El análisis de estas muertes permite una aproximación diagnóstica al funcionamiento del sistema de salud y contribuye a generar propuestas tendientes a disminuir la mortalidad por esta enfermedad. Objective: Potential determinants of mortality in malaria cases are characterized in a demographic study centered in Valle del Cauca. Materials and Methods: A descriptive analysis was directed to 25 cases of malaria death occurring in Valle del Cauca during 2005 and 2006.Results: The mean age was 31.3 years (range, 2 to 71 yr), 11 were women (1 pregnant), 11 were from the malaria-endemic port of Buenaventura, and 5 from other Pacific coastal states. After entering the health system facility, the standard malaria diagnostic, the thick smear, was not ordered for 7 cases at any time during the treatment period. In cases where a thick smear was taken at first contact, 11 had a positive and 5 had a negative initial report. Cerebral malaria (7/18 cases) and renal failure (6/18 cases) were the most frequent complications. During hospitalization, 13/18 cases developed other complications, mainly acute lung edema (8/18 cases) and shock (5/18 cases). Conclusions: Failures in primary health care of patients with malaria were recognized. This information has been used to implement actions aimed at improving initial care of malaria subjects in the health services of Valle del Cauca. The study recommends that other states in Colombia increase their efforts to decrease malaria mortality.