Desulfurization and Kinetic Study of Diesel Fuel by Batch Adsorption on Activated Carbon

Abstract

The present research studied a batch adsorption desulfurization process for diesel fuel containing 580ppm sulfur, based on physical adsorption of refractory sulfur compounds on activated carbon (AC). The effects of time, temperature, diesel to AC ratio, AC particle size, mixing velocity, and initial sulfur concentration in commercial diesel fuel on the desulfurization efficiency were studied. The residual sulfur concentration in diesel fuel was decreased from 580 to 247ppm, corresponding to a desulfurization efficiency of 57%, at best conditions of 2.5 hours contact time, 50°C, 2ml diesel/gm AC, 0.8 mm AC particle size, and 1000 rpm mixing velocity. Different kinetic models were applied to fit the experimental data. The results showed that the pseudo-second order model has succeeded in predicting the equilibrium sorption capacity with correlation coefficient, R 2 =0.995. The experimental adsorption isotherms were correlated by Langmuir and Freundlich models. The results indicated that Freundlich isotherm exhibits the best fits for the adsorptive desulfurization of diesel fuel (R 2 = 0.989) as compared with the Langmuir model (R 2 = 0.947). The adsorption intensity as estimated from the Freundlich isotherm is larger than one which is indicative of physical adsorption. ‫ﺑﺄﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ذو‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺘﺰاز‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﯾﺰل‬ ‫ﻟﻮﻗﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﯿﺔ‬ ‫ودراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ازاﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺎرﺑﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻼﺻﺔ‬ ‫درس‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺮﯾﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮى‬ ‫ذو‬ ‫اﻟﺪﯾﺰل‬ ‫وﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺟﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫إزاﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬ 580 ‫ﺳﻄﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻹزاﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﻌﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻔﯿﺰﯾﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺘﺰاز‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎد‬ , ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻠﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﺟﺰئ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬ .‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﯾﺰل‬ ‫وﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬ , ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬ ‫درﺟﺔ‬ , ‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻂ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬ , ‫اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬ ‫دﻗﺎﺋﻖ‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ , ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸﻂ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﯾﺰل‬ ‫وﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺒﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎءة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫إزاﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﯾﺰل‬ ‫وﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺰ‬ ‫ﺧﻔﺾ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬. 580 ‫إﻟﻰ‬ 247 ‫واﻟﺘﻲ‬ , ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻠﯿﻮن‬ ‫ﺟﺰء‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎءة‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫إزاﻟﺔ‬ 57 ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ % ‫أﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺮوف‬) 2.5 , ‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‬ 50 ° , ‫م‬ 2 ‫ﻣﻞ‬ ‫دﯾﺰل‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻏﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬ , ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬ 0.8 ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮن‬ ‫ﺟﺴﯿﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﺣﺠﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻢ‬ 1000 ‫ﺧﻠﻂ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻗﯿﻘﺔ‬ ‫دورة‬ (. ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺮﻛﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫أظﮭﺮت‬ ‫ﻟﻘﺪ‬ .‫اﻟﺘﺠﺮﯾﺒﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻤﺎذج‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮازن‬ ‫ﻗﺪرة‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺠﺢ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪرﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮫ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎم‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺘﺰاز‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬) ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ = 1902 0.995 (. ‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻮدﯾﻞ‬ ‫وﻓ‬ ‫ﻻﻧﺠﻤﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﻟﯿﺘﺶ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺘﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﺒ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫أﺷﺎرت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﻮدﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪاره‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﻣﺘﺰاز‬ ‫اﻟﺪﯾﺰل‬ ‫وﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫إزاﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﻤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫أﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﺮض‬ ‫ﻧﺪﻟﯿﺘﺶ‬ 0.989 ‫ﻻﻧﺠﻤ‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻮدﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫اﻋﻄﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ارﺗﺒﺎط‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪار‬ ‫ه‬ 0.947 ‫اظﮭﺮھﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺘﺰاز‬ ‫ﺷﺪة‬. ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫واﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻧﺪﻟﯿﺘﺶ‬ ‫ﻣﻮدﯾﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﯿﺰﯾﺎﺋﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻣﺘﺰاز‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺪل‬. ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻜﻠﻤﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﻟﺔ‬ : ‫اﻟﺪﯾﺰل‬ ‫وﻗﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ازاﻟﺔ‬ ,‫ﻛﺒﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫ازاﻟﺔ‬ , ‫اﻻﻣﺘﺰاز‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﯿﺔ‬ , ‫اﻣﺘﺰاز‬ ,‫اﻟﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬ ‫ذو‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺒﺮﯾﺖ‬ ‫اﻣﺘﺰاز‬ .