Balancing environmental conservation and socioeconomic needs: the complexities of artisanal and small-scale coal mining in Africa

Abstract

Artisanal and small-scale coal mining (ASM) in Africa presents a complex challenge where environmental conservation and socioeconomic development must be carefully balanced. This article explores the intricate dynamics surrounding ASM in the African context, highlighting the multifaceted impacts on the environment and the socioeconomic well-being of local communities. Artisanal and small-scale coal mining is often characterized by low capital investment, limited mechanization, and dependence on manual labor. Despite this, miners face numerous problems due to the unstable socioeconomic situation and weak labor legislation. The article describes the practice of ASM in Africa: provides an overview of the growing significance of ASM in Africa, and sets the stage for understanding the intricate trade-offs faced in managing this sector. The development of ASM in Africa is examined, considering its historical context, drivers, and patterns of growth, emphasizing the need for context-specific approaches to address its complexities. The article delves into the environmental challenges posed by ASM, focusing on deforestation, land degradation, water and air pollution, and the loss of biodiversity. It examines the specific manifestations of these challenges in selected African countries, shedding light on the varied ecological consequences and their ramifications for sustainable development. Additionally, the socioeconomic dimensions of ASM are explored, acknowledging its potential as a livelihood source for many communities while also recognizing the social and economic vulnerabilities associated with it. The article discusses the interplay between ASM and local economies, including job creation, income generation, and the broader implications for poverty alleviation and sustainable development.