Real-Time Tracking Technologies In Biomedical Waste Management: A Systematic Review Using Prisma Guidelines

Abstract

Biomedical waste (BMW) management has become a critical concern for healthcare institutions due to increasing waste generation and associated environmental and public health risks. Traditional biomedical waste management systems rely heavily on manual documentation and monitoring, which often results in inefficiencies, poor traceability and regulatory compliance challenges. Real-time tracking technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), GPS and cloud-based monitoring platforms provide advanced solutions for monitoring biomedical waste from generation to final disposal. This study explores the application of real-time tracking technologies in biomedical waste management, evaluates their effectiveness and highlights their potential benefits in improving safety, efficiency and regulatory compliance. The study adopts a qualitative research methodology through literature review and analysis of existing technological systems used in healthcare waste management. This study followed the PRISMA guidelines for conducting and reporting the systematic review. Findings indicate that real-time tracking systems significantly enhance waste segregation, transportation monitoring and decision-making processes while reducing human error and environmental risks. The paper concludes that integrating digital tracking systems into biomedical waste management frameworks can contribute to safer healthcare environments and sustainable waste management practices. The adoption of digital technologies in biomedical waste management enables healthcare administrators to make data-driven decisions, improve operational efficiency and ensure regulatory compliance through real-time monitoring.