The spectroscopic similarity between breast cancer tissues and lymph nodes obtained from patients with and without recurrence: A preliminary study

Abstract

Lymph nodes (LNs) play a very important role in the spread of cancer cells. Moreover, it was noticed that the morphology and chemical composition of the LNs change in the course of cancer development. Therefore, finding and monitoring similarities between these characteristics of the LNs and tumor tissues are essential to improve diagnostics and therapy of this dreadful disease. In the present study, we used Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies to compare the chemical composition of the breast cancer tissues and LNs collected from women without (I group-4 patients) and with (II group-4 patients) recurrence. It was shown that the similarity of the chemical composition of the breast tissues and LNs is typical for the II group of the patients. The average Raman spectrum of the breast cancer tissues from the I group was not characterized by vibrations in the 800–1000 cm-1 region originating from collagen and carbohydrates, which are typical for tumor-affected breast tissues. At the same time, this spectrum contains peaks at 1029 cm-1, corresponding to PO2- from DNA, RNA and phospholipids, and 1520 cm-1, which have been observed in normal breast tissues before. It was shown that Raman bands of the average LN spectrum of the II group associated with proteins and carbohydrates are more intensive than those of the breast tissues spectrum. The intensity of the Raman spectra collected from the samples of the II group is almost three times higher compared to the I group. The vibrations of carbohydrates and amide III are much more intensive in the II group’s case. The Raman spectra of the breast cancer tissues and LNs of the II group’s samples do not contain bands (e.g., 1520 cm-1) found in the Raman spectra of the normal breast tissues elsewhere. FTIR spectra of the LNs of the I group’s women showed a lower level of vibrations corresponding to functional group building nucleic acid, collagen, carbohydrates, and proteins in comparison with the breast cancer tissues. Pearson’s correlation test showed positive and more significant interplay between the nature of the breast tissues and LN spectra obtained for the II group of patients than that in the I group’s spectra. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) showed that it is possible to distinguish Raman and FTIR spectra of the breast cancer tissues and LNs collected from women without recurrence of the disease.