Xenotransplantation Literature Update: January–June 2025

Abstract

From January to June 2025, the field of xenotransplantation progressed rapidly toward clinical translation, with landmark compassionate-use cases, peer-reviewed reports of porcine kidney, heart, and liver transplants in humans, and the release of authoritative international guidelines. This literature update summarizes key developments across clinical trials, immunological insights, donor engineering, preservation strategies, infection control, and ethical frameworks, highlighting a growing consensus on the scientific and regulatory roadmap for safe, effective, and equitable xenotransplantation.