The rate of infertility has globally increased in recent years for a variety of reasons. One of the main causes of infertility in men is azoospermia that is defined by the absence of sperm in the ejaculate and classified into two categories: obstructive azoospermia and non-obstructive azoospermia. In non-obstructive azoospermia, genital ducts are not obstructed, but the testicles do not produce sperm at all, due to various reasons. Non-obstructive azoospermia in most cases has no therapeutic options other than assisted reproductive techniques, which in most cases require sperm donors. Here we discuss cell-based therapy approaches to restore fertility in men with non-obstructive azoospermia including cell-based therapies of non-obstructive azoospermia using regenerative medicine and cell-based therapies of non-obstructive azoospermia by paracrine and anti-inflammatory pathway, technical and ethical challenges for using different cell sources and alternative options will be described, and then the more effectual approaches will be mentioned as future trends.
CITATION STYLE
Roshandel, E., Mehravar, M., Nikoonezhad, M., Alizadeh, A. M., Majidi, M., Salimi, M., & Hajifathali, A. (2023, May 1). Cell-Based Therapy Approaches in Treatment of Non-obstructive Azoospermia. Reproductive Sciences. Institute for Ionics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43032-022-01115-6
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