Fases larvais do mexilhão dourado Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker) (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Mytilidae) na Bacia do Guaíba, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

  • Santos C
  • Würdig N
  • Mansur M
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Abstract

Desde o final de 1998, um pequeno bivalve invasor, o "mexilhão dourado", Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857), oriundo do sudeste asiático, está presente no sul do Brasil. Foi provavelmente transportado, não intencionalmente, através de água de lastro para a Bacia do Guaíba, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Em nosso meio, este molusco vem causando problemas de "macrofouling" com grandes prejuízos econômicos e danos à fauna e flora. As coletas foram qualitativas e quantitativas quinzenais no período de um ano, no lago Guaíba, Praia do Veludo (30°12'35"S, 51°11'68"W), ao sul do município de Porto Alegre. Utilizou-se rede de plâncton com abertura de malha equivalente a 36 mm, filtrando-se a quantidade de 30 litros de água. Descrevem-se brevemente as diferentes fases larvais com parâmetros do comprimento. Primeiramente reconhece-se um estágio ciliado, desenvolvendo-se em trocófora (comprimento de 80 µm a 125 µm) com quatro fases distintas, e valvadas com a larva "D" (120 µm a 150 µm), o veliger de charneira reta (150 µm a 190 µm), o veliger umbonado (190 µm a 220 µm) e o pediveliger (220 µm a 250 µm). Quando pós-larvas ou plantígradas (comprimento em torno de 300 µm), começam a secretar o fio de bisso, permitindo a fixação ao substrato. Constatou-se a presença de larvas durante todos os meses amostrados, com picos nos meses de outubro a dezembro.Since the end of 1998 a small invasive bivalve, the golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker, 1857), originating from Southeast Asia, is present in Southern Brazil. It was probably brought not intentionally in ballast water to the Guaíba Basin in Rio Grande do Sul State. In this environment, the golden mussel is causing macrofouling very rapidly with grate financial loss and damages to the native fauna and flora. Quali-quantitative samplings twice a month were performed during one year in the Guaíba lake, at Veludo Beach (30°12'35"S, 51°11'68"W) southward of the municipality of Porto Alegre. Each time, 30 litters of water were filtered through plankton net with a mash opening of 36 mm. The different larval stages with the length parameters were briefly described. Different stages were recognized: five without valves and four valved. The first one recognized as a ciliated stage develops into the trocophora (length from 80 µm to 125 µm) with four distinct stages. The valved stages include: the "D" - shaped (length 120 µm to 150 µm), the straight-hinged veliger (length 150 µm to 190 µm), umbonated-veliger (length 190 µm to 220 µm) and pediveliger (length 220 µm to 250 µm). When pos-larvae or plantigrades (length about 300 µm), they secrete the byssus thread that permit fixation on the subtract. Larvae were present during all the samplings with strong October-December peaks.

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Santos, C. P. dos, Würdig, N. L., & Mansur, M. C. D. (2005). Fases larvais do mexilhão dourado Limnoperna fortunei (Dunker) (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Mytilidae) na Bacia do Guaíba, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 22(3), 702–708. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752005000300029

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