Fasies gunung api dan aplikasinya

  • Bronto S
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Abstract

SARI Berdasarkan bentuk bentang alam dan asosiasi batuan penyusun, suatu kerucut gunung api komposit dapat dibagi menjadi fasies sentral, fasies proksimal, fasies medial, dan fasies distal. Secara bentang alam, pembagian tersebut dimulai dari pusat erupsi di bagian puncak, menurun ke arah lereng, kaki, serta dataran di sekelilingnya. Fasies sentral gunung api dicirikan oleh asosiasi batuan beku intrusi dangkal, kubah lava, dan batuan ubahan hidrotermal. Fasies proksimal tersusun oleh perselingan aliran lava dan breksi piroklastika. Fasies medial terutama berupa breksi piroklastika, breksi lahar, dan konglomerat, sedangkan fasies distal lebih banyak disusun oleh batuan epiklastika berukuran butir pasir-lempung. Tuf dapat tersebar mulai dari fasies proksimal sampai distal karena berbutir halus dan ringan. Pembagian fasies gunung api di dalam batuan berumur Tersier atau lebih tua dilakukan dengan pendekatan inderaja -geomorfologi, stratigrafi batuan gunung api, vulkanologi fi sik, struktur geologi, serta petrologi -geokimia. Pembagian fasies gunung api ini dapat dimanfaatkan dalam rangka pencarian sumber baru di bidang mineral dan energi, penataan lingkungan, serta mitigasi bencana geologi. Kata kunci: kerucut gunung api komposit, fasies gunung api ABSTRACT Based on the nature and rock association, a composite volcanic cone can be divided into central facies, proximal facies, medial facies and distal facies. Physiographically, those begin from central eruption at the summit, going down to upper slope, lower slope, and foot plain in the surrounding area. Central facies is characterized by the presence of subvolcanic intrusions, lava domes, and hydrothermally altered rocks. Proximal facies consists of alternating lava fl ows and pyroclastic breccias. Medial fasies mainly is composed of pyroclastic breccias, laharic breccias, and conglomerates. Whereas, distal facies is dominated by fi ne-grained epiclastic rocks having sand to clay size. Tuff can be widely distributed from proximal to distal facies due to its fi ne grain and lightness. Methodological approachs for classifi cation of volcanic facies in Tertiary and older rocks are remote sensing and geomorphology, volcanic stratigraphy, physical volcanology, structural geology, and petrology-geochemistry. This volcanic facies division is useful for supporting new discovery on energy and mineral resources, environmental geology, and geologic hazard mitigation.

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APA

Bronto, S. (2006). Fasies gunung api dan aplikasinya. Indonesian Journal on Geoscience. https://doi.org/10.17014/ijog.vol1no2.20061

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