Abordaje intervencionista de la hemoptisis: revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Hemoptysis can become a respiratory emergency with serious complications and potentially fatal, secondary to a wide range of underlying diseases. Massive hemoptysis can be considered any speculated blood volume that can cause respiratory failure and death, due to asphyxia. The causes vary according to the demography and the age group. The initial diagnostic evaluation includes chest x-ray, bronchoscopy, and tomography. Multidetector Computed To - mography and Angiography are high precision techniques to detect the source of bleeding, and to guide therapeutic procedures. The treatment begins with resuscitation and protection of the airway, followed by minimally invasive bronchoscopic and endovascular techniques, whose objective is to achieve embolization of the bronchial artery, considered the most effective treatment for massive and recurrent hemoptysis. Surgical interventions are considered last line therapy due to mortality rates recorded in the literature. This review summarizes the current literatura, and should give an overview of the anatomical and pathophysiologic.