Long Term Arboreal Change in a Landscaped Urban Park: Central Park, New York

Abstract

Historical records of the forest composition, structure, and environment of Central Park, New York City were examined to determine long term forest changes and whatfactors influenced the changes. Comparisons were made among eleven lists of tree species created between 1857 and 1982. Fifty-one families, 119 genera, 392 species (of which 279 were alien species and 113 native species) were identified. Species richness was highest afterthe initial park plantings in 1863 (244 species) and over 75% greater than Frederick Law Olmsted planned. Only 41% of all species, 34% of alien species, and 58% of native species reported in the past were on the1982 list.The history of Central Park can serve as a resource and guide for species selection and distribution of trees in park planting and management plans.