Characterization of Arabidopsis response regulator genes with regard to bisphenol a signaling

Abstract

Arabidopsis response regulators (ARRs) are involved in the His-to-Asp phosphotransfer signal transduction mechanism induced by cytokinins, a class of phytohormones in Arabidopsis thaliana. Previous studies have reported ARR mRNA accumulation in response to cytokinins. ARRs consist of 2 families (types A and B). The expression of type-A ARR genes can be induced by cytokinins, while that of type-B genes is constitutive. Recently, we have shown that plant growth induced by the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol) was similar to that induced by cytokinins. The present study is the first to show that ARR (type-A family; ARR15 and ARR16) mRNA accumulation is influenced by bisphenol A, indicating that bisphenol A is involved in inducing intracellular signal transduction.