Current Strategies for Addressing Antibiotic Resistance: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is an unrelenting global health crisis. The overuse of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, making infections increasingly difficult to treat. To combat this, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Current strategies include antivirulence therapy, passive immunization, antimicrobial peptides, vaccines, phage therapy, and botanical and liposomal nanoparticles. These methods aim to reduce the pressure on antibiotics to mitigate the development of resistance. Future directions involve exploring combination therapies that combine antibiotics with biologics and nonantibiotic adjuvants. Intelligent delivery strategies and antimicrobial stewardship are also crucial for effective infection control. By integrating these approaches, we can combat antibiotic resistance and protect the natural microbiome. This article reviews these multifaceted strategies to highlight the ongoing battle against antibiotic resistance and how it can be better managed to ultimately preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics for future generations.