Mechanisms for ensuring the security of collaborative robot systems in industrial settings

Abstract

Manufacturing is being revolutionized by Industrial Collaborative Robots (Cobots), which facilitate safe and effective human‒machine cooperation. Cobots are flexible, function without physical barriers, and integrate seamlessly into production lines, in contrast to traditional robots. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) and cloud connection are driving their wider use. However, there are serious safety risks associated with this evolution, such as illegal access, data breaches, and operational interruptions. Because cybersecurity principles are not fully integrated into system architecture, cobots are still vulnerable despite progress. Poor IT and OT network segmentation, outdated firmware, a lack of real-time monitoring, and uneven safety standards are some of the main drawbacks. The majority of cobots are ill-equipped to handle complex threats like data poisoning and AI model modification. The purpose of this review is to analyse the security issues that collaborative robot systems are now facing and investigate workable solutions that guarantee operational integrity and safety in networked industrial settings. Cyber-physical vulnerabilities, current attack vectors (such as network spoofing and illegal firmware access), and security best practices are the main topics of the paper's thorough literature assessment. It combines results from industry case studies and scholarly research to pinpoint gaps and suggest solutions. Cobot-related dangers are considerably decreased by important strategies including network segmentation, role-based access control (RBAC), frequent patch management, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and physical security enforcement. Every method has its own benefits, ranging from limiting user permissions and separating risks to stopping malware from spreading and instantly identifying unusual activity. A multilayered protection approach integrating operational, technical, and physical precautions is necessary to secure collaborative robot systems. A proactive, coordinated strategy combining robotics engineers, cybersecurity specialists, and industry stakeholders is crucial to guaranteeing robust and reliable deployments as cobots become increasingly autonomous and integrated with external data sources.