UPAYA PENINGKATAN ASUPAN MAKAN PADA PASIEN KANKER

Abstract

The adverse nutritional effects of cancer can be severe. Patient often fall in a condition of protein energy malnutrition which is called cachexia. Cachexia is symptom marked with anorexia, reducing of body weight, losing of muscle, organ dysfunction, hypo albuminemia, increasing of basal need, nutrition metabolism disorder and sigh of mal absorption. Cytokines that is produced after cancer cell come into the body, is supposed cause anorexia. Researcher in the hospital show that significant weight loss and poor nutritional status were documented in more than 50 percent of patients at the time of diagnosis. Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immuno nutrition, and transplantation are all types' medical therapy that has been implemented to cure cancer. Medical therapy can generate side effect especially gastrointestinal disorder, which cause reducing food intake. The objective of the diet management in patient with cancer is to fill needs of nutrition through well-balanced diet. Nutrient requirement should contain energy 28-42 kcal/kg body weight/day, protein 1.0-2.0 g/kg body weight/day, fat should be 20-30 percent from total energy need. Requirement of vitamin mount up to 10 times of requirement, whereas mineral such as iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc chromium can mount 2-8 times of requirement. In conclusion diet management is taking an important role to maintain the well-nutritional status.