Effects on Frailty and Cognitive Decline in Individuals Over 65 Years After Participating in a Multicomponent Exercise Program: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Introduction: Aging is a biological and inevitable phenomenon associated with molecular and cellular damage over time. This process significantly increases the risk of various clinical syndromes, such as frailty and cognitive decline. Consequently, various tools, including physical exercise, have been developed to reduce or prevent these issues in the older population. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of multicomponent exercise programs in individuals over 65 years, focusing on their effects in reducing signs of frailty and cognitive decline. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, searches were conducted in four databases: Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scielo, and Dialnet, selecting a total of twenty-two articles published between 2014 and 2024. Eight studies were chosen where multicomponent training was used to address frailty and cognitive decline. Results: The results from this systematic review indicate that engaging in a multicomponent exercise program for a minimum duration of 8-12 weeks improves signs of frailty and cognitive decline in older individuals. Conclusions: Multicomponent exercise also appears to be an effective tool in preventing and/or reducing disability, frailty, and cognitive decline.