Smart Hydroponic Systems: Optimizing Nutrient Levels with IoT Connectivity

Abstract

Maintaining precise nutrient levels is essential for the thriving success of hydroponic systems. This comprehensive study delves into the intricate interplay of climatic conditions and nutrients, meticulously analysing various parameters like Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) within a sophisticated smart hydroponic vertical Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) setup designed for leafy greens. The innovative system integrates a wireless sensor network and Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity, employing ESP32 microcontrollers as the primary unit alongside complementary hardware components for continuous and real-time monitoring of critical nutrient parameters. The investigation delves into the dynamic relationship between environmental factors and the growth patterns of spinach plants. Through a thorough examination of the extensive dataset gathered via deployed sensors, the study unveils variations in environmental parameters throughout various stages of plant development, including germination and root establishment. The study aims to elucidate the significance of each parameter in optimizing plant growth in hydroponic environments by analysing data associations. Results show higher Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) values correlate with better plant growth, while reduced pH levels harm plants. These findings are crucial for interpreting disease symptoms, aiding farmers in identifying issues early and optimizing yields. Understanding how nutrient values affect plant health enables proactive problem-solving. This research provides valuable insights into smart hydroponic systems, informing precision agriculture decisions.