Determinação do fator de conversão em colônias de Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) e sua relação com a qualidade do material vegetal cortado

Abstract

Leaf-cutting ants (Atta and Acromyrmex) are important pests in agriculture and forestry, although few data exist on the actual damage caused by these species. A model used to evaluate damage by leafcutting ants are estimates of the conversion factor, which is the ratio between the weight of material cut by the ants and the refuse produced by the colonies. The hypothesis that substrate quality influences foraging by workers, modifying the conversion factor and impairing damage estimates was put forward. To test this hypothesis, the conversion factor was calculated for eight colonies of Atta sexdens rubropilosa Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), using two plant species, with different lignin and cellulose concentrations. Colonies maintained with low quality leaves (high lignin/cellulose ratio) presented higher foraging activity and produced more refuse than colonies maintained with high quality leaves. However, the conversion factors obtained for the two groups of leaf-cutting ant colonies (average = 1.54) was within the variation found for other species in the field (1.5 - 1.8), indicating a similar conversion factor in Atta and Acromyrmex. The average consumption in both dry and fresh weight of plant material of a colony of Atta sexdens rubropilosa with 4,500 workers was estimated as 520 and 1,100 g/year, respectively.