Four-year follow-up of Palmaz-Schatz stent revascularization as treatment for atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis

Abstract

Background-Stent revascularization is perceived as superior to balloon angioplasty and surgical revascularization, but the paucity of stent publications precludes even historical comparison with surgical data. Methods and Results-Palmaz-Schatz stent revascularization of renal artery stenosis was successfully performed on 163 consecutive patients for poorly controlled hypertension or preservation of renal function. Of these, 145 were eligible for ≤6-month clinical follow-up of the effect of the procedure on renal function, blood pressure control, number of antihypertensive medications, and survival. At 4 years, systolic and diastolic blood pressures significantly decreased (from 166 ± 26 to 148 ± 22 mm Hg and from 86 ± 14 to 80 ±11 mm Hg, respectively; P<0.05), and blood pressure control was more facile in approximately half of the patients. Creatinine decreased or remained stable in approximately two thirds of the patients. The cumulative probability of survival was 74 ± 4% at 3 years, with few deaths related to end-stage renal disease. Survival was good in patients with normal (92 ± 4%) baseline renal function, fair (74 ± 7%) in those with mildly impaired renal function, and poor (52 ± 7%) in patients with elevated baseline creatinine levels (≤2.0 mg/dL). The combination of impaired renal function and bilateral disease adversely affected survival. Conclusions-Renal artery stent revascularization in the presence of normal or mildly impaired renal function had a beneficial effect on blood pressure control and a nondeleterious effect on renal function. Survival was adversely affected by renal dysfunction despite adequate revascularization. Early diagnosis and adequate revascularization before the onset of renal dysfunction could beneficially affect blood pressure control, preserve or prevent deterioration of renal function, and improve patient survival.