Women’s reproductive health and fertility during the war and post-war period

Abstract

This paper is a comprehensive review of scientific publications from the scientometric databases Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Global Health and Scopus on the impact of war on women’s reproductive health and fertility during the conflict and in the post-war period. Data from different regions of the world, including South Sudan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Somalia and Tajikistan, where women face multiple challenges due to the destruction of health infrastructure and limited access to health services, are analyzed. War results in increased maternal and child mortality rates, a rise in unplanned pregnancies, and increased risks of pregnancy complications. Women living in conflict zones often lack access to quality healthcare due to shortages of medical supplies, personnel, and the destruction of healthcare facilities. The psychological toll, including anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder, further exacerbates their health issues. Nutritional deficiencies, caused by a lack of food security, negatively impact the health of pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers. Malnutrition often leads to anemia, low birth weight, and other complications, that increase the risk of infant mortality. The exposure to toxic substances that may enter the body from the environment during wartime also has long-term negative effects on women’s reproductive health and children’s development. Toxins such as heavy metals, found in modern weapons, can cause developmental disorders, necessitating additional monitoring of the health of women and children in the post-war period. Despite these significant challenges, women in conflict zones display remarkable resilience and adaptability to harsh conditions. The analysis of various studies highlights the importance of providing comprehensive health care and psychosocial support to improve their health. Ensuring access to reproductive health services, including family planning and antenatal care, is essential. Food security and environmental safety are also critical to preventing further deterioration of health in these circumstances. This research emphasizes the need for integrated support programs for women affected by war to improve their overall wellbeing and health in the long term.