Hubungan Kadar Vitamin D dengan Derajat Keparahan Pasien COVID-19 Dewasa dan Lanjut Usia

Abstract

Latar Belakang: Populasi lanjut usia berisiko mengalami defisiensi vitamin D akibat beragam faktor, seperti kurangnya suplementasi dan gaya hidup, serta obesitas. COVID-19 merupakan penyakit infeksi dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas global. Beberapa studi terkait COVID-19, salah satunya meneliti potensi vitamin D sebagai proteksi terhadap COVID-19. Tujuan: Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar vitamin D dengan derajat keparahan pasien COVID-19 pada dewasa dan lanjut usia. Metode: Kami menelusuri database PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCOhost, dan Scopus untuk mencari dan menyaring studi dalam bentuk kohort. Selanjutnya beberapa artikel dengan isu serupa dianalisis menggunakan instrumen prognosis dari Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine. Hasil: Didapatkan dua studi kohort prospektif yang lolos seleksi, yakni studi Baktash, dkk. (2020) dan Campi, dkk. (2021). Keduanya menunjukkan kadar vitamin D rendah berhubungan dengan prognosis klinis dan marka inflamasi yang lebih buruk pada kasus COVID-19 dewasa dan lanjut usia (p<0,05). Simpulan: Kadar vitamin D rendah berisiko marka inflamasi ataupun prognosis klinis lebih buruk pada pasien COVID-19 dewasa dan lanjut usia. Background: Elderlies as well as adults are high-risk populations for vitamin D deficiency, caused by lack of supplementation, lifestyle, or obesity. COVID-19 is an infectious disease with global morbidity and mortality. Some studies showed vitamin D’s potential for protection against COVID-19. Objective: This evidencebased case report was to investigate the association between vitamin D levels with COVID-19 severity in adult and elderly patients. Method: Database such as PubMed, Cochrane, EBSCOHost, and Scopus were explored to search and filter relevant cohort studies. Articles with similar issue were analyzed with prognosis instrument from Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine. Result: Two prospective cohort studies from Baktash, et al, (2020) and from Campi, et al, (2021) fulfilled the requirements. Both studies showed that low vitamin D levels was related to worse clinical prognosis and inflammation markers in COVID-19 cases (p<0.05). Conclusion: Low vitamin D levels were related to poorer clinical prognosis or COVID-19 inflammation markers in adult and elderly COVID-19 patients.