Towards Decarbonization of the Maritime Transport Sector: A Review of Hydrogen as an Alternative Marine Fuel

Abstract

This review examines the current landscape of hydrogen production technologies, including thermochemical, electrochemical, and biological methods, highlighting their efficiencies, feedstock requirements, and environmental implications. Furthermore, the paper explores the challenges and advancements in hydrogen storage technologies, primarily on compressed gas, liquefied hydrogen, and solid-state storage. Hydrogen technology across industries, from transportation, to grid energy storage and industrial processes are discussed, with a focus on maritime sector applications, showcasing hydrogen’s versatility and decarbonization potential. Despite its promise, large-scale hydrogen adoption is constrained by high costs, infrastructure limitations, and energy efficiency concerns. this review aims to provide a foundational understanding for researchers and policymakers to support the advancement of hydrogen as a key component in future energy systems.