Actomyosin contractility as a mechanical checkpoint for cell state transitions

Abstract

Cell state transitions induced by mechano-chemical cues result in a heterogeneous population of cell states. While much of the work towards understanding the origins of such heterogeneity has focused on the gene regulatory mechanisms, the contribution of intrinsic mechanical properties of cells remains unknown. In this paper, using a well-defined single cell platform to induce cell-state transitions, we reveal the importance of actomyosin contractile forces in regulating the heterogeneous cell-fate decisions. Temporal analysis of laterally confined growth of fibroblasts revealed sequential changes in the colony morphology which was tightly coupled to the progressive erasure of lineage-specific transcription programs. Pseudo-trajectory constructed using unsupervised diffusion analysis of the colony morphology features revealed a bifurcation event in which some cells undergo successful cell state transitions towards partial reprogramming. Importantly, inhibiting actomyosin contractility before the bifurcation event leads to more efficient dedifferentiation. Taken together, this study highlights the presence of mechanical checkpoints that contribute to the heterogeneity in cell state transitions.