Non-invasive assessment of left ventricle ejection fraction: Where do we stand?

Abstract

The left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) is the preferred parameter applied for the noninvasive evaluation of LV systolic function in clinical practice. It has a well-recognized and extensive role in the clinical management of numerous cardiac conditions. Many imaging modalities are currently available for the non-invasive assessment of LVEF. The aim of this review is to describe their relative advantages and disadvantages, proposing a hierarchical application of the different imaging tests available for LVEF evaluation based on the level of accuracy/reproducibility clinically required.