Bioremediation: A Sustainable Green Biotechnology- A Review

Abstract

Abstract: The industry, healthcare, agricultural, and municipal sectors all contribute to environmental pollution today by dumping harmful chemicals and wastes into the water, soil, and air. The risk of heavy metal accumulation in living systems primarily affects people, animals, plants, and microorganisms. The quality of the air, water, and soil are all being negatively impacted by these wastes. "Bioremediation" uses microorganisms to quickly and economically decompose harmful contaminants, making it an environmentally friendly and cost-effective technique of cleanup. Toxic compounds are converted into less dangerous versions. Due to its cost-effectiveness and environmentally friendly methods, bioremediation has grown in popularity. Bioremediation is one mitigation technique to combat this pollution. The word "bioremediation" refers to a broad range of biologically mediated processes used to alter, degrade, sequester, and/or completely remove undesirable compounds from an environment. Bioremediation may be mediated by organisms from all spheres of life, but fungi stand out as particularly interesting options. Fungi are nature's most effective degraders of resistant organic matter because they have the metabolic capacity to break down complicated compounds. The current Literature emphasises bioremediation as a powerful method for removing contaminants by growing mushrooms to aid in biosorption. The focus of this review is also on the many bioremediation techniques, such as phytoremediation, mycoremediation, and biosorption, for cleaning up environmental pollutants.