Pregestational diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Glycemic alteration is the most commonly found metabolic abnormality in pregnancy. Due to the increase in the worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus, the number of pregnant women with diabetes has also increased significantly. Maternal hyperglycemia at very early stages of pregnancy is an important risk factor for the development of serious fetal malformations, therefore, every woman of childbearing potential should be alerted to the importance of pregnancy planning. During pregnancy, an intensive therapeutic approach to diabetes and its complications and comorbidities is necessary to avoid unfavorable perinatal outcomes. Multiprofessional attention aims to promote well-being and reduce maternal and fetal risks. The adequacy of drug therapy and frequent adjustments of insulin therapy, individualized nutritional therapy, guidance on the practice of physical activity, and the performance of capillary blood glucose monitoring and the surveillance of possible maternal-fetal complications are the cornestones of the treatment of diabetes during pregnancy.