Decentralized renewable hybrid mini-grids for sustainable electrification of off-grid coastal áreas

Abstract

Rural communities in developing countries lack access to affordable, reliable and sustainable forms of energy, which are essential factors in improving living conditions. These populations depend on diesel fuel, which is highly polluting compared to renewable energy technologies, to meet their energy needs. In this study, hybrid renewable energy systems (SHER), designed with the aim of bridging the fluctuating nature of renewable energies, have been analyzed for off-grid electrification. The results of this study that covers the coastal region of the canton of San Lorenzo in the Province of Esmeraldas and shows that it is possible to offer a much better quality electricity supply during 12 to 18 hours a day. In addition, the success of the SHER integration is influenced by factors such as the support of the Municipal Government and the organization of the community, which is essential to keep these systems in operation throughout the useful life of the system. The hybrid models suggested in this study can be reproduced along the coastal strip to obtain the maximum diffusion of this technology and, therefore, achieve the diversification of the electricity supply. However, the existence of certain incentives from the government is essential to reduce capital costs. These results are especially important for developing countries, where supplying electricity through solar PV is often faster and cheaper than grid extension. The findings in this paper are a good starting point for further investigation of optimal local design and ownership models, which can help accelerate deployment and reduce costs of sustainable power supply in remote areas.