Current status and future perspectives of vertical flow assays

Abstract

Vertical flow assays (VFAs) have emerged as efficient diagnostic tools for point-of-care testing, offering rapid detection, high sensitivity, and multiplexing capabilities. By addressing key limitations of lateral flow assays, such as low specificity and cross-reactivity, VFAs enable simultaneous detection of multiple targets with improved accuracy and lower detection limits. Their applications span clinical diagnostics, pathogen detection, food safety, and agriculture. Recent advances, including smartphone integrations and innovations in pathogen, nucleic acid, and biomarker detection, have expanded their utility. With advantages like low cost, ease of use, and adaptability, VFAs are well suited for resource-limited settings. This review summarizes the current progress in VFA technology and discusses its future perspectives in advancing rapid, accessible diagnostics across various fields.