Adipose-derived stem cells combined with platelet-rich plasma enhance wound healing in a rat model of full-thickness skin defects

Abstract

Background: Wound healing is impaired in patients with diabetes due to the multifactorial etiology of the disease, which limits the therapeutic efficacy of various approaches. This study hypothesizes that the combination of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) might achieve optimally efficient diabetic wound healing. Methods: ADSCs were isolated from the adipose tissues of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. PRP was prepared by using a two-step centrifugation technique. A diabetic wound model was established on the backs of SD rats to evaluate the effect of ADSCs incorporated into PRP. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry were performed to observe the changes in neovascularization. ELISA and Western blot were utilized to detect the angiogenesis-related protein expression levels. The proliferation of endothelial cells was assessed by the MTS assay. Results: ADSCs incorporated into PRP induced a higher wound closure rate than ADSCs, PRP, and negative control. The expression levels of VEGF, p-STAT3, and SDF-1 in the ADSC+PRP group were higher than those in the other groups. Moreover, the proliferation of endothelial cells was strongly stimulated by treatment with the combination of ADSC-conditioned medium (ADSC-CM) and PRP. Conclusions: PRP enhanced diabetic wound healing induced by ADSCs, and its promoting effect involved neovascularization.