Experiences and Challenges of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Lecturers in Using Artificial Intelligence as Support for Teaching and Learning

Abstract

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) in the digital era has introduced new dimensions to higher education, especially in teaching and learning. While AI has the potential to improve efficiency, creativity, and pedagogical effectiveness, its acceptance among lecturers faces several challenges. Some educators remain cautious due to concerns about its academic implications and impact on the teaching process. This study aims to explore lecturers’ real experiences in integrating AI and to identify the challenges they encounter, with the goal of providing practical solutions to support teaching effectiveness and sustainable AI use in higher education. Using a qualitative approach, in-depth interviews were conducted with six lecturers from six different faculties at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). Participants were purposely selected based on their experience in using AI. The data were analysed thematically. The findings reveal that lecturers’ experiences with AI include accelerating the preparation of teaching materials, enhancing creativity, producing more engaging resources, and strengthening knowledge and self-confidence. AI also acted as a medium that encouraged active student participation in learning. However, the study also highlights key challenges, such as concerns over the accuracy of AI-generated information, ethical issues and plagiarism risks, the lack of clear institutional policies, and limited exposure and training. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive strategies to address these challenges and support effective AI integration in higher education.