Occurrence of Propionibacterium freudenreichii bacteriophages in Swiss cheese

Abstract

We isolated bacteriophages active against Propionibacterium freudenreichii from 16 of 32 Swiss cheese samples. Bacteriophage concentrations ranged from 14 to 7 x 105 PFU/g, depending on the sample and the sensitive strain used for detection. Only a few strains, 8 of the 44 strains of P. freudenreichii in our collection, were sensitive. We observed that multiplication of bacteriophages occurred in the cheese loaf during multiplication of propionibacteria in a warm curing room, but it seems that these bacteriophages have no adverse effect on the development of the propionic flora. We also found that sensitive cells, originating from either the starter or the cheese-making milk, were present at a high level (109 CFU/g) in the cheese.