Capital, Coercion, and Crime: Bossism in the Philippines, John T. Sidel

Abstract

This book focuses on local bossism, a common political phenomenon where local power brokers achieve monopolistic contrtol over an area'"s coercive and economic resources. For many years, the entrenchment of numerous provincial warlords and political clans has made the Philippines a striking case of local bossism. Yet writings on Filipino political culture and patron-client relations have ignored the role of coercion in shaping electoral competition and social relaitons. Portrayals of a "weak state", captured by a landed oligarchy [ignore the important institutional legacies] of American colonial rule and the importance of state resources for the accumulation of wealth and power in the Philippines. The author argues that the roots of bossism in the Philippines lie in the inauguration of formal democratic institutions at a relatively early stage of capitalist development. POverty and insecurity leave many voters vulnerable to clientelist, coercive, and financial pressure, and the state's central role in capital accumulation provides the basis for local bosses' economic empires and political machines. These contradictions have encouraged bossism in the Philippines, as well as in other countries. The book elaborates these arguments through case studies of bosses in two Philippine provinces, Cavite and Cebu. It provides a comparative historical analysis of bossism, drawing conclusions of great interest not only to scholars of Southeast Asia, but to students of comparative politics as well.